Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías

SECTION C: ENGINEERING

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2015)

On-road traffic air pollutants emission inventory in the Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. Base year 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v7i2.270
Submitted
January 22, 2016
Published
2015-12-30

Abstract

On-road traffic is an important source of air pollutants in the Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ). Until today the emissions from this sector in the DMQ were performed mainly using emission factors from the international literature. This paper updates the atmospheric emission inventory from the on-road traffic in the DMQ, taking 2012 as the base year. The best available information of sales statistics and properties of fuels, the composition of the vehicular park, and traffic intensity were used. The emission factors were deduced using the emission records of the Vehicular Technical Control (VTC) from the DMQ. The on-road traffic emits 102.7 kt/y of CO, 20.9 kt/y ofNOx, 13.2 kt/y ofNMVOC, 1.7 kt/y of PM10, 1.2 kt/y of PM2, 5 and 0.5 kt/y of SO2. It was estimated that during 2012, in the DMQ circulated 519 111 vehicles, of which 94.4% correspond to gasoline vehicles and 5.6% to diesel vehicles. The analyses of the VTC’s database shown that 390 326 vehicles were controlled during 2012. The difference in comparison with the estimated vehicle park that actually circulated in the DMQ, indicates that 25% of vehicles not fulfilled the VTC. The gasoline vehicles emit 86.3% of CO, 77.0% ofNMVOC and 75.3% of SO2. The diesel vehicles emit 82.5% of PM2, 5, 76.4% of PM1 o and 60.6% of NOx. The information used for this emission inventory implies a reduction in the level of uncertainty in relation to previous emission inventories. Hourly emission maps obtained from this inventory can be used to perform air pollutants chemical transportation studies, using last-generation numerical models.

viewed = 2083 times

References

  1. PNUMA. 2014. "UNEP Year Book 2014 emerging issues update". Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente.
  2. OMS. 2014. "Calidad del aire exterior y salud. Nota descriptiva N°313". Organización Mundial de la Salud. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/es/.
  3. Webber, E. 1982. "Air Pollution. Assessment Methodology and Modeling". Springer Science+Business Media, 2: New York.
  4. Van Aardenne, J. 2002. "Uncertainties in emission inventories", Wageniniger University - PhD thesis.
  5. Pacyna, J.; Graedel, T. 1995. "Inventories: Status and Prospects". Annual Review of Energy and Environment. Environment and Resources, 20: 265-300.
  6. US-EPA. 1997. "Introduction to the Emission Inventory Improvement Program". Emission Inventory Improvement Program: 122.
  7. Ntziachristos, L.; Samaras, Z. 2014. "Exhaust emission from road transport". EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2013: 158.
  8. Ntziachristos, L.; Samaras, Z. 2000. "COPERTII. Computer programme to calculate emissions from transport - Methodology and emission reactors". Technical Report No 6. European Environmental Agency: 55.
  9. CORPAIRE. 2006. "Inventario de Emisiones del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. Año 2003". Corporación Municipal para el Mejoramiento del Aire de Quito: Quito.
  10. CORPAIRE. 2008. "Inventario de Emisiones del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. Año 2005". Corporación Municipal para el Mejoramiento del Aire de Quito: Quito.
  11. CORPAIRE. 2009. "Inventario de Emisiones del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito". Año 2007. Corporación Municipal para el Mejoramiento del Aire de Quito: Quito.
  12. Secretaría de Ambiente. 2014. "Informe Final Inventario de Emisiones de Contaminantes Criterio, DMQ 2011". Secretaría de Ambiente del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito: Quito.
  13. Ntziachristos, L.; Boulter, P 2009. "Road, tyre and brake wear - Road surface wear". EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2009: 32.
  14. Mellios, G.; Ntziachristos, L. 2013. "Gasoline Evaporation from vehicles". EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2013: 12.
  15. IPCC. 2006. "Directrices del IPCC de 2006 para los Inventarios Nacionales de Gases de Efecto Invernadero". Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático.
  16. ARCH. 2014. "Volumen de Venta de Combustibles en el año 2012, en la Provincia de Pichincha y sus Cantones". Agencia de Regulación y Control Hidrocarburífero: Quito
  17. Ocaña, L. 2014. "Cálculo de factores de emisión vehicular para el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito en base al análisis estadístico de los registros de la Revisión Técnica Vehicular del año 2012 y una ruta de campo establecida", Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Tesis de Ingeniería Ambiental. Quito: 97.
  18. CICCEV; CAF; MAE. 2012. "Determinación del la linea base de factores de emisiones contaminantes en motores de combustión interna con el combustible de actual venta en el país". Centro de Transferencia Tecnológica para la Capacitación e Investigación en Control de Emisiones Vehiculares: Quito.
  19. Secretaría de Ambiente. 2012. "Análisis de combustibles del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito: Campaña Septiembre 2012". Informe Técnico 2178-GCA-REC-12. Secretaría de Ambiente del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito: 26.
  20. Sher, E. 1998. "Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines. Pollutant formation and Control". Academic Press, 663: San Diego.
  21. De Nevers, N. 1998. "Ingeniería de Control de la Contaminación del Aire". McGraw-Hill. 546: México.
  22. Vega, D., Parra, R. 2014. "Caracterización de la intensidad media diaria y de los perfiles horarios del tráfico vehicular". Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierias, 6 (2): C40-C45.
  23. US-EPA. 1996. "Evaluating the Uncertainty of Emission Estimates - Final Report". Emission inventory Improvement Program: 55.

Most read articles by the same author(s)