Keywords
apical bud
in vitro culture
How to Cite
Abstract
Shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) are a type of onion which form several bulbs from a single basal disc. They are characterized by a high total solids content which improves their gastronomic and neutraceutical properties. Shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) are a culinary staple with high commercial value in European, North American and South American markets. Their commercial production via vegetative propagation, however, is time-consuming and strongly affected by viral diseases. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro apical meristem culture protocol for the regeneration of shallot plants. The efficiency of different regeneration and bulb-formation media were evaluated in this investigation. The best results for plant regeneration (68 % efficiency) were obtained with MS + 30g. L-1 sucrose + 1.5g. L-1 benomyl + 1.1uM NAA + 8.9uM BAP and for bulb formation (77% efficiency) with MS + 10uM ancymidol and 50g. L-1 sucrose. Moreover, 50% of all plants regenerated from apical meristems were effectively acclimatized. The protocol developed and standardized in this investigation can be used to increase the efficiency of shallot bulb-seed production for commercial applications.
References
Fritsch, R.; Friesen, N. 2002. "Evolution, Domestication and Taxonomy." Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. H. D. Rabinowitch, L. Currah (Eds.) CABI: Osnabrück: 5-30.
Currah, L.; Proctor, F. 1990. "The genetic base and the cultivars grown in the tropics." Onions in Tropical Regions. Bulletin 35. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime: Kent: 31-52.
Messiaen, C.; Lot, H.; Delecolle, B. 1994. "Thirty years of France experience in the production of disease-free garlic and shallot mother bulbs." Acta Horticulturae, 358: 275-279.
Grubben, G. 1994. "Constraints for shalot, garlic and welsh onion in Indonesia: a case study on the evolution of allium crops in the equatorial tropics." Acta Horticulturae, 358: 333-339.
Loebenstein, G.; Lecoq, H. 2012. "Viruses of the Genus Allium in the Mediterranean Region", en: "Advances in virus research." Thessaloniki: 164-166.
Dankert, J.; Tromp, T.; de Vires, H.; Klasen, H. 1979. "Antimicrobial activity of crude juices of Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa and Allium sativum." Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Paraxitenkunde, Infection skrankheinten and Hygiene, 245: 229-239.
Tappayuthpijarn, P.; Dejatiwongse, Q.; Hincheranan, T.; Suriyant, P. 1989. "Effect of Allium ascalonicum on erythrocyte shape in induced hypercholesterolemia rabbits." Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 72: 448-451.
Rabinowitch, H.; Kamenetsky, R. 2002. "Shallot (Allium cepa, aggregatum group)", en: "Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances." H. D. Rabinowitch, L. Currah (Eds.) CABI: Osnabrück: 409-430.
Diekmann, M. 1997. "Allium spp." FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Germplasm, (18).
Fletcher, P.; Fletcher, J.; Lewthwaite, S. 1998. "In vitro elimination of onion yellow dwarf and shallot latent viruses in shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum L.). " New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26: 23-26.
Walkey, D. 2002. "Virus diseases", en: "Onions and Allied Crops." H. D. Radinowitch, J. Brewster (eds): Florida: 191-212.
Grout, B. 1990. "Meristem-tip culture." Methods Molecular Biology.
Abdelnour, A.; Bermudez, L.; Alvarenga, S.; Rivera, C. 2006. "Cultivo de meristemas, termo y quimioterapia en chayote (Sechiu, edule Jacq. Sw.) para la erradicación del virus del mosaico del chayote (ChMV)." Manejo de Plagas y Agroecología, 77: 17-23.
Le Guen-Le, F.; Hourmant, A.; Esnault, F.; Chauvin, J. 2002. "In vitro Bulb Development in Shallot Effects of Anti-gibberellins, Sucrose and Light." Annals of Botany, 89: 419-425.
Kahane, R.; Rancillac, M.; Teyssendier de la Serve, B. 1991. "Long-term multiplication of onion (Allium cepa L.) by cyclic shoot regeneration in vitro." Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 28: 281-288.
Xu, Z.; Um, Y.; Kim, C.; Lu, G.; Guo, D.; Liu, H. 2008. "Effect of plant growth regulators, temperature and sucrose on shoot proliferation from the stem disc of chinese jiaotou (Allium chinense) and in vitro bulblet formation." Acta Physiol Plant, 30: 521-528.
Seabrook, J. 1993. "In vitro propagation and bulb formation of garlic." Canadian Journal ofPlant Science,: 155-158.
Zheng, S.; Henken, B.; Sofiari, E.; Keizer, P.; Jacobsen, E.; Kik, C.; Krens, F. 1999. "Effect of cytokinins and lines on plant regeneration from long-term callus and suspension cultures of Allium cepa L."Euphytica, 108: 83-90.
Shakuntala, N.; Gunnar, F.; Tage, E. 1977. "Effects of 6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-ylamino)-purine and É‘-naphthaleneacetic acid on root formation and citology of root tips and callus in tissue cultures of Allium cepa var. proliferum." Institute of Physiological Botany, Hereditas, 85: 57-62.
Roca, W.; Beltrán, J. 1984. "Fundamento para la aplicación del cultivo de meristemas en la conservación de germoplasma." El cultivo de meristemas para la conservación de germoplasma deyuca in vitro, Cali: 8-10.
Shiboleth, Y.; Gal-On, A.; Koch, M.; Rabinowitch, H.; Salomon, R. 2001. "Molecular characterisation of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) infecting garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Israel." Annals of Applied Biology, 138: 187-195.
Salomon, R. 1996. "Virus Diseases in Garlic and the propagation of virus free plants", en: "Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances." H. D. Rabinowitch, L. Currah (Eds.) CABI: Osnabrück: 312-324.
Ramírez, D. 2013. "Regeneración de plántulas de chalote (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) libres de los virus Latente del Chalote y del Enanismo Amarillo de la cebolla por medio de cultivo de meristema apical y quimioterapia." Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Tesis de Ingeniería: Quito.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. 1962. "A revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures." Physiologia Plantarum, 15 (3): 473-497.
Minitab. 2014. Minitab Quality Companion. Statistical Software.
Bufler, G. 2009. "Exogenous ethylene inhibits sprout growth in onion bulbs." Annals of Botany, 103: 23-28.
Benkeblia, N. 2003. "Low Temperature and Breaking of Dormancy Effects on Respiration Rate, Sugars, Phenolics and Peroxidase Activity Changes in Inner Buds of OnionAllium cepaL." Soil and plant science, 53: 16-20.
Edwards, K.; Humphry, M.; Sanchez-Tamburrino, J. 2012. "Advances in Plant Senescence." Senescence, T. Nagata (Eds.). Cambridge: 117-136.
Jordán, M.; Casaretto, J. 2006. "Hormonas y reguladores del crecimiento: etileno, ácido abscísico, brasinoesteroides, poliaminas, ácido salisílico y ácido jasmónico." Fisiología Vegetal: 1-28.
Mohamed-Yasseen, Y.; Barringer, S.; Splittsotoesser, W. 1995. "In vitro bulb production from Allium spp." In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, 31: 51-52.
Rademacher, W. 2000. "Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways." Plant Molecular Biology, 51: 501-531.
McCallum, J.; Clarke, A.; Pither, M.; Shaw, M.; Butler, R.; Brash, D.; Scheffer, J.; Sims, I.; Brash, D.; Heusden, S.; Shigyo, M.; M., H. 2006. "Genetic mapping of a mayor gene affecting onion bulb fructan content." Theory Apply Genetics, 112: 958-967.
Havey, J.; Galmarini, C. R.; Gokfe, A.; Henson, C. 2004. "QTL affecting soluble carbohydrate concentrations in stored onion bulbs and their association with flavor and health-enhancing attributes." Genome, 47: 463-468.
Pérez, J.; Harper, G.; Ramírez, R. 2009. "Teoría celular." Antología de Biología Celular: México: 90-93.
Benkeblia, N.; Ueno, K.; Onodera, S.; Shiomi, N. 2005. "Variation of fructooligosaccharides and their metaboling enzymes in onion bulb during long-term storage." Journal of Food Science, 70: 208-213.
Copyright notice
Authors who publish in the journal ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License that allows third parties to share the work provided that its author and its first publication in this journal is indicated.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work, thereby being able to publish it in a monographic volume or reproduce it in other ways, provided that the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
- Authors are permitted and advised to disseminate their work over the Internet:
- Before submission to the journal, authors can deposit the manuscript in pre-publication files/repositories (preprint servers/repositories), including arXiv, bioRxiv, figshare, PeerJ Preprints, SSRN, and others, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work (see The effect of open access).
- After submission, it is recommended that authors deposit their article in their institutional repository, personal website, or scientific social network (such as Zenodo, ResearchGate or edu).