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ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías

SECTION B: LIFE SCIENCES

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)

Characterization of the banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) microbiome under organic and conventional production systems

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v14i2.2298
Submitted
May 15, 2021
Published
2022-12-12

Abstract

Banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) cultivation is one of the most important agricultural activities for many countries, and it is the primary fruit consume worldwide. Integrated soil management and fertilization programs aims to enhance soil fertility while maintaining crop yields. A large body of literature examined the changes in soil properties associated with different fertility regimens. Despite the critical role of the plant-associated microbiome in plant health and productivity, the effects of different agricultural management systems on microbial communities' response in banana are poorly understood.  This study reports the structure, diversity, and richness of the microbial community of the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and leaf of banana plants under organic and conventional management. Samples were obtained from two banana plantations located in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. The analysis was based on DNA sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region for fungi. Here, we found a significant effect of the management system in the bacterial and fungi community composition. In general terms, under a conventionally managed system, the richness and evenness of the bacterial and fungal community increased among the soil and rhizosphere compared to the organic farming system. Soil and rhizosphere under organic farming were associated with a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes and exhibited an overrepresentation of microbial genus know as plant growth-promoting, as well as genera involved in essential ecosystem processes. We also found that ASVs of the same genus respond differently to the two types of agricultural management on the soil and the rhizosphere. In comparison, the bacterial communities in the leaves were more similar in both types of management.  Understanding how long-term cropping management systems shift the microbial diversity and structure at the level of individual microbial taxa, such as presented in this research, can help to design farming systems that can maintain high profitability of the banana crops by stimulating growth-promoting bacteria and those responsible for the suppression of the soil-borne disease.

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