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ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías

Communications

Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)

Challenges and opportunities of public and private maize breeding programs in Latin America, case Mexico

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v16i2.3383
Submitted
July 2, 2024
Published
2024-10-15

Abstract

Public founded maize breeding programs belonging to universities and research institutions in Latin America contrast to breeding programs private seed companies in several aspects such as: research founding availability, market perspective, breeding products developed, users of products, use of maize genetic divergence, breeding schemes, short medium and long term in research projects, between others. The objective of this paper is to analyzed and highlight the advantages and opportunities of universities and public research institutions by their highly specialized human resources, genetic resources of breeding germplasm, and facilities to implement medium and long term, sustainable, high impact, innovation and technological development projects, with an impact in alimentation, health, nutrition, agricultural development and food safety, and also to contribute to reduce negative effects of climate change. To be able to implement this interdisciplinary and interinstitutional projects is necessary the incidence and participation of several factors like: a) the willpower to interaction between highly specialized researchers from different disciplines belonging to different institutions, b) availability of involved institutions to allow the use of human and genetic resources and their facilities, availability of national and international research founds, c) create public politics to support innovation and technology generation research. To impact food safety, nutrition, health, social and agricultural development, since research have to be consider and inversion and a public good for Latin-American governments. As an example of medium term interdisciplinary and interinstitutional work it have been released high quality, specialty and value added maize hybrids such as High oil content, pigmented (blue and red) and pozolero type. Also, it has advances and sources of germplasm to implement research lines to obtain tolerant materials for mycotoxins (Aflatoxins and Fusarium), phosphorous use efficiency, along to other research lines to generate tolerant and efficient varieties for adverse biotic and abiotic factors produced by negative effects of climate change.  

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