Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías

SECTION B: LIFE SCIENCES

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)

Natural products as drugs source in the Ecuador´s essential medicines list: Natural product in the Ecuador´s essential medicines list

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v13i2.2110
Submitted
December 3, 2020
Published
2021-11-22

Abstract

This paper presents the analysis of the origin of 391 active ingredients (AIs) of the 9th list of essential medicines in Ecuador, using the system proposed by Newman and Cragg with certain modifications. The AIs of natural origin represent 54.2% of the list and have greater importance in the categories H, R and B of the Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical classification system for pharmacological substances and medicines. In addition, the influence of natural products was analyzed in the categories with the highest amount of IAs J, L and N, as well as in category C, which is associated with the main cause of death in Ecuador.

viewed = 886 times

References

  1. Carter, G. T. (2011). Natural products and Pharma 2011: Strategic changes spur new opportunities. Natural Product Reports, 28(11), 1783-1789. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c1np00033k.
  2. Tao, L., Zhu, F., Qin, C, Zhang, C, Chen, S., Zhang, P., .. Chen, Y. Z. (2015). Clustered Distribution of Natural Product Leads of Drugs in the Chemical Space as Influenced by the Privileged Target-Sites. Scientific Reports, 5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09325.
  3. Cragg, G. M., Grothaus, P. G., & Newman, D. J. (2014). New horizons for old drugs and drug leads. Journal of Natural Products, 77(3), 703-723. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/np5000796.
  4. Buss, Antohy D. and Buttler, M. S. (Eds.). (2009). Natural Product Chemistry for Drug Discovery (First). Cambridge, England: Royal Society of Chemistry. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559890.
  5. Newman, D.J, Cragg, G., & Snader, K. (2003). Natural Products as sources of New Drugs over the Period 1981 - 2002. Journal of Natural Products, 66(7), 1022-1037. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/np200906s.
  6. Newman, David J, Cragg, G. M., Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2007). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Last 25 Years. Journal of Natural Products, 70(February), 461-477. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/np068054v.
  7. Newman, D J, & Cragg, G. M. (2012). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the 30 Years. Journal of Natural Products, 75(3), 311-335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/np200906s.
  8. Jones, W. P., Chin, Y., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2006). The role of pharmacognosy in modern medicine and pharmacy. Current Drug Targets, 7(3), 247-264. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006776054915.
  9. Ortiz-Prado, E., Galarza, C., León, F. C., & Ponce, J. (2014). Acceso a medicamentos y situación del mercado farmacéutico en Ecuador, Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 36(1), 57-62. Retrieved from https://www.scielosp.org/article/rpsp/2014.v36n1/57-62/es/#:~:text=En%20Ecuador%2C%20del%20total%20de,solo%2010%25%20a%20nivel%20rural.
  10. Consejo Nacional de Salud. (2014). Cuadro Nacional de Medicamentos Básicos y Registro Terapéutico [PDF archive]. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19429es/s19429es.pdf
  11. Naghavi, M., Wang, H., Lozano, R., Davis, A., Liang, X., Zhou, M., . Temesgen, A. M. (2015). Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 385(9963), 117-171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
  12. Batchelor, F. R., Doyle, F. P., Naylet, J. H. C., & Rolison, G. N. (1959). Synthesis of Penicillin: 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid in Penicillin Fermentations. Nature, 183, 257. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/183257b0
  13. Mcguire, J. M., Bunch, R. L., Anderson, R. C., Boaz, H. E., Flynn, E. H., Powell, H. M., & Smith, J. W. (1952). Ilotycin, a new antibiotic. Antibiotics & Chemotherapy(Northfield, Ill.), 2(6), 281—283. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/24541924
  14. Amann, S., Neef, K., & Kohl, S. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 26(3), 175-177.
  15. Vardanyan, R. S., & Hruby, V. J. (2006). Synthesis of Essential Drugs (First). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452166-8/50003-0
  16. Emmerson, A. M., & Jones, A. M. (2003b). The quinolones: decades of development and use. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 51(suppl_1), 13-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg208
  17. Kaufman, T. S., & Rúveda, E. A. (2005). The quest for quinine: Those who won the battles and those who won the war. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 44(6), 854-885. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200400663
  18. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. (2016). Estadísticas Vitales [PDF archive]. Retrieved from https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Poblacion_y_Demografia/Nacimientos_Defunciones/2016/Presentacion_Nacimientos_y_Defunciones_2016.pdf
  19. Wani, M. C., Taylor, H. L., Wall, M. E., Coggon, P., & McPhail, A. T. (1971). Plant antitumor agents. VI. Isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 93(9), 2325-2327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00738a045
  20. Poss, M. A., Moniiot, J. L., Trifunovich, I. D., Kucera, D. J., Thottathil, J. K., Chen, S. H., & Wei, J. (1994) Novel sidechain­bearing taxanes and intermediates thereof. W.O. patent 9119787. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/WO1994014787A1/en
  21. Heinrich, M., & Teoh, H. L. (2004). Galanthamine from snowdrop — the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92, 147-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012
  22. CYTED. (2018). Detalles de la Red 416RT0511 La Biodiversidad Iberoamericana Como Fuente de Recursos Naturales Para Su Explotación Sostenible (BIFRENES). September 19, 2018. Retrieved from http://www.cyted.org/?q=es/detalle_proyecto&un=909
  23. Endo, A. (2010). Review A historical perspective on the discovery of statins. The Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 86, 484-493. doi: https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.86.484
  24. Namjoyan, F., Kiashi, F., Moosavi, Z. B., Saffari, F., & Makhmalzadeh, B. S. (2016). Efficacy of Dragon’s blood cream on wound healing: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(1), 37-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.029
  25. Georgiev, M. I. (2014). Natural products utilization. Phytochemistry Reviews, 13, 339-341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9363-3

Most read articles by the same author(s)