Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
This work describes technological possibilities in order to measure the potential energy self-supply capability of cities with urban resources in equatorial Andean cities. From this previous result obtained, the solar has shown the best perspectives. Initially it is described, what real possibilities would exist in Cuenca Ecuador through surveys, according to expert criteria; Five selected alternatives and a complementary sixth (biomass from pruning) are described and a pre-estimation of potential between them is summarized. Then solar source is the one with the greatest potential and with the best adaptability from qualitative aspects, so methodologies applied for the determination of photovoltaic potential are described with the main results found in Cuenca in some typologies that have been advanced, including comparison with temporary demands as well network injection capacity determined in a urban spot. It has been measured that with the technologies analyzed, jointly it can supply over 14% of current urban demands; nevertheless, if a conversion from fuels consumptions are turned toward electrical technologies, the potential increases to 39%.It concludes with the main results obtained and as these reflect that the existing Andean equatorial conditions in Cuenca are advantageous to reach maximum energy standards in buildings.
References
Byrne, J., Taminiau, J., Seo, J., Lee, J., & Shin, S. (2017). Are solar cities feasible? A review of current research. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 0(0), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2017.1331750
Brown, T. W., Bischof-Niemz, T., Blok, K., Breyer, C., Lund, H., & Mathiesen, B. V. (2018). Response to "˜Burden of proof: A comprehensive review of the feasibility of 100% renewable-electricity systems."™ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 92(September 2016), 834-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.113
Mosannenzadeh, F., Bisello, A., Diamantini, C., Stellin, G., & Vettorato, D. (2017). A case-based learning methodology to predict barriers to implementation of smart and sustainable urban energy projects. Cities, 60, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.07.007
Barragán-Escandón, E., Zalamea-León, E., Terrados, J., & Vanegas-Peralta, P. (2019). Factores que influyen en la selección de energías renovables en la ciudad, 45(134), 259-288
Nejat, P., Jomehzadeh, F., Mahdi, M., & Gohari, M. (2015). A global review of energy consumption , CO 2 emissions and policy in the residential sector ( with an overview of the top ten CO 2 emitting countries ). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43, 843-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.066
Wegertseder, P., Lund, P., Mikkola, J., & García Alvarado, R. (2016). Combining solar resource mapping and energy system integration methods for realistic valuation of urban solar energy potential. Solar Energy, 135, 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.05.061
Aguilar, E. (2019, October 17). Ecuador muestra que los subsidios fósiles se niegan a morir. EL CEO. Retrieved from https://elceo.com/internacional/ecuador-muestra-que-los-subsidios-fosiles-se-niegan-a-morir
Vargas, F. (2019, October 19). Primer balance tras los desmanes en Santiago: 41 estaciones de Metro con destrozos y 308 detenciones
Moser, D., Lovati, M., & Maturi, L. (2018). Photovoltaic City: Effective Approaches to Integrated Urban Solar Power. Urban Energy Transition (2nd ed.). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102074-6.00030-9
REN21. (2017). Renewables 2017: global status report. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Vol. 72). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.082
Renewable Energy Agency, I. (2018). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017. International Renewable Energy Agency. https://doi.org/10.1007/SpringerReference_7300
IEA. (2009). Cities , Towns & Renewable Energy Cities , Towns. Paris: IEA/OECD. Retrieved from http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Cities2009.pdf
IRENA. (2018). Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2018, International Renewable Agency. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2586
Poggi, F., Firmino, A., & Amado, M. (2018). Planning renewable energy in rural areas: impacts on occupation and land use. Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.009
Lin, Z., & Qi, J. (2017). Hydro-dam - A nature-based solution or an ecological problem: The fate of the Tonlé Sap Lake. Environmental Research, 158(May), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.016
Caldarelli, C. E., & Gilio, L. (2018). Expansion of the sugarcane industry and its effects on land use in São Paulo: Analysis from 2000 through 2015. Land Use Policy, 76(January), 264-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.008
Benis, K., Turan, I., Reinhart, C., & Ferrão, P. (2018). Putting rooftops to use - A Cost-Benefit Analysis of food production vs. energy generation under Mediterranean climates. Cities, 78(February), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.02.011
Ziebell, A. C., & Singh, V. K. (2018). Energy indicator in sustainable urban energy metabolism and challenges. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, 171(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.17.00010
Connolly, D., Lund, H., & Mathiesen, B. V. (2016). Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1634-1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.025
Dujardin, J., Kahl, A., Kruyt, B., Bartlett, S., & Lehning, M. (2017). Interplay between photovoltaic, wind energy and storage hydropower in a fully renewable Switzerland. Energy, 135, 513-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.092
Mareschal, B. (2013). Visual PROMETHEE manual
Barragán-Escandón, A., Terrados-Cepeda, J., & Zalamea-León, E. (2017). The role of renewable energy in the promotion of circular urban metabolism. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122341
Grubler, A., Bai, X., Buettner, T., Dhakal, S., Fisk, D. J., & Ichinose, T. (2013). Urban Energy Systems. In Global Energy Assessment (GEA) Toward a Sustainable Future (pp. 1307-1400). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203066782
Zhang, X., Shen, L., Chan, S. Y., & Yee, S. (2012). The diffusion of solar energy use in UK"¯: What are the barriers"¯? Energy Policy, 41, 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.10.043
Child, M., Breyer, C., & Haukkala, T. (2017). The Role of Energy Storage Solutions in a 100% Renewable Finnish Energy System. Sustainability, 9(1358), 0-25. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/su9081358
Heaps, C. G. (2016). Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system. Somerville, MA, USA.: Stockholm Environment Institute. Retrieved from https://www.energycommunity.org
Barragán-Escandón, Antonio, Zalamea-león, E., Terrados-Cepeda, J., & Parra-González, D. (2019). Las energías renovables a escala urbana. Aspectos determinántes y selección tecnológica. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 29(2), 39-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v29n2.65720
Barragán Escandón, A., Terrados Cepeda, J., Zalamea León, E., & Arias Reyes, P. (2018). Electricity production using renewable resources in urban centres. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, 171(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.17.00003
Barragán-Escandón, E. (2018). EL AUTOABASTECIMIENTO ENERGÉTICO EN LOS PAÍSES EN VÍAS DE DESARROLLO EN EL MARCO DEL METABOLISMO URBANO: CASO CUENCA, ECUADOR. Universidad de jaen. Retrieved from http://ruja.ujaen.es/handle/10953/936
ARCONEL. (2019). Proyecto de Biogas Pichacay. Retrieved December 29, 2019, from https://www.regulacionelectrica.gob.ec/proyecto-de-biogas-pichacay/
Urgiles, E., & Yanez, I. (2019). Aplicación de Sistemas de Información Geográfica para la estimación del potencial energético de la biomasa lignocelulósica, en las áreas verdes públicas de la zona urbana de Cuenca. Universidad de Cuenca. Retrieved from http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/32119
Izquierdo-torres, I. F., Pacheco-portilla, M. G., Gonzalez-Morales, L. G., & Zalamea-Leon, E. F. (2019). Simulación fotovoltaica considerando parámetros de integración en edificaciones Photovoltaic simulation considering building integration parameters. INGENIUS: Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, 21, 9-19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17163/ings.n21.2019.02
ARCH-Azuay, & Centrosur. Base de datos (2017). Cuenca, Ecuador.
Duffie, J. a., & Beckman, W. a. (2013). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (2nd ed., Vol. 116). New York. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2930068
International Energy Agency. (2019). Renewables Information 2019 Overview (Vol. 53). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Castro Verdezoto, P. L., Vidoza, J. A., & Gallo, W. L. R. (2019). Analysis and projection of energy consumption in Ecuador: Energy efficiency policies in the transportation sector. Energy Policy, 134(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110948
Palacios, E., & Espinoza, C. (2014). Contaminación Del Aire Exterior. Cuenca - Ecuador, 2009- 2013. Posibles Efectos En La Salud. Revista de Ciencias Médicas, 32(2), 34,56. Retrieved from http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/22965/1/Dra Elvira palacios ing Claudia Espinoza.pdf
González, L. G., Siavichay, E., & Espinoza, J. L. (2019). Impact of EV fast charging stations on the power distribution network of a Latin American intermediate city. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 107(June 2018), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.017
Zalamea-León, E., Mena-Campos, J., Barragán-Escandón, A., Parra-González, D., & Méndez-Santos, P. (2018). URBAN PHOTOVOLTAIC POTENTIAL OF INCLINED ROOFING FOR BUILDINGS IN HERITAGE CENTERS IN EQUATORIAL AREAS. Journal of Green Building, 13(3), 45-69. https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.3.45
Karlessi, T., Kampelis, N., & Kolokotsa, D. (2017). The concept of smart and NZEB buildings and the integrated design approach. Procedia Engineering, 180, 1316-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.294
Marin-López, D., Zalamea-León, E. F., Barragán-Escandón, E. A., Marin-Lopez, D. S., Zalamea-León, E. F., & Barragán-Escandón, E. A. (2018). POTENCIAL FOTOVOLTAICO EN TECHUMBRE DE EDIFICIOS INDUSTRIALES DE ALTA DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA, EN ZONAS ECUATORIALES. A. Habitat Sustentable, 8(1), 28-41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2017.08.01.03 HS
Zambrano-Asanza, S., Zalamea-León, E. F., Barragán-Escandón, A., Parra-González, D., Barragán-Escandón, E. A., & Parra-González, A. (2019). Urban photovoltaic potential estimation based on architectural conditions, production-demand matching, storage and the incorporation of new eco-efficient loads. Renewable Energy, 142, 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.105
Ministerio Federal de Relaciones Exteriores de Alemania. (2017). La Energiewende Alemana.
Freitas, S., Reinhart, C., & Brito, M. C. (2018). Minimizing storage needs for large scale photovoltaics in the urban environment. Solar Energy, 159(September 2017), 375-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.011
Bonomo, P., & De Berardinis, P. (2014). PV integration in minor historical centers: Proposal of guidecriteria in post-earthquake reconstruction planning. Energy Procedia, 48(0), 1549-1558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.175
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Esteban Zalamea, Antonio Barrgán-Escandón