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ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías

SECCIÓN A: CIENCIAS EXACTAS

Vol. 16 Núm. 1 (2024)

Simulación numérica y validación experimental para un Colector Solar Trapezoidal novedoso

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v16i1.2823
Enviado
octubre 6, 2022
Publicado
2024-01-23

Resumen

En el actual contexto de calentamiento global, la diversificación de la matriz energética es fundamental para la mitigación. Las tecnologías solares han comenzado a desempeñar un papel importante en este sentido, siendo los colectores solares de placa plana los más prácticos. Por otro lado, el modelado numérico y la validación experimental son herramientas importantes para mejorar el rendimiento de estas tecnologías. En este trabajo, se modeló y validó experimentalmente un colector de aire solar trapezoidal para procesos de secado de alimentos utilizando el software de código abierto Simusol. Esta forma particular se presenta como una novedad geométrica, ya que no se encontraron otros diseños similares en la literatura disponible, ni siquiera en aplicaciones como el secado de alimentos. Se determinan y discuten parámetros clave, como la temperatura del aire de salida, la eficiencia global, el flujo de masa de aire, el coeficiente global de pérdida de calor y el calor útil. Los resultados numéricos del comportamiento del colector fueron los esperados. La temperatura del aire de salida alcanza unos 100 °C, mientras que la ganancia máxima de calor es de unos 900 W, lo que hace que el colector solar sea adecuado para aplicaciones de secado. Debido a que la convección natural es el principal mecanismo de transferencia de calor, se obtuvieron bajos flujos de masa de aire. Para el caso analizado aquí, este último parámetro oscila entre 0,012 y 0,016 kg/s para las condiciones óptimas de funcionamiento. El modelo numérico aquí presentado resulta en una herramienta fiable para el diseño de tecnologías térmicas sin coste adicional de capital. El aumento de la superficie de captación conduce a un aumento considerable de la potencia térmica de salida, así como mejoras en las propiedades psicrométricas del aire calentado.

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