Maize cultivation in Guatemala: main limitations

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is the most important crop in Guatemala because it has an important role in the diet of the population. The production does not cover the national demand, especially yellow corn, seeing the need to import this cereal. Currently, the productivity of the crop is quite low, due to a series of limitations faced by small producers. The national average yield is 2,154 kg ha^-1, which is lower than other corn producers in the region. Corn is usually planted under the rainy regime, however, the negative effect of the weather affects national production. Pests and diseases are another problem faced by producers, who often have limited access to the most important production inputs such as fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides. The use of improved seeds is the key to increase productivity. The Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (ICTA) has generated varieties and hybrids of corn adapted to the productive systems of the country. Unfortunately, these technologies have not been disseminated to most farmers due to the lack of a promotion and adoption strategy, despite significant efforts being made in the country. ICTA has made new hybrids available to the public, such as ICTA HB-17^TMA (white grain) and ICTA Grano de Oro (yellow grain). These cultivars have resistance to the Tar Spot Complex. Besides, the Institute has released ICTA HB-18^{ACP + Zn}, the first biofortified hybrid in the world, which has high quality protein and high zinc content.