Palabras clave
Modelación dinámica
Gobernanza multinivel y colaborativa
Modelación híbrida
Análisis insumo–producto
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Eduardo Pérez-Denicia, Diana Rosa Pérez Serrano
Resumen
Este estudio sintetiza artículos revisados por pares e indexados en la Web of Science Core Collection (2018–2023) para esclarecer cómo se conceptualiza, mide y gobierna el nexo agua–energía. A partir de las principales variables del nexo, derivamos nueve dimensiones analíticas: (1) composición sectorial e interacciones, (2) insumos y productos de los recursos, (3) actores sociales, (4) marcos metodológicos, (5) problemas y limitaciones, (6) distribución geográfica, (7) definiciones operativas del nexo, (8) escalas territoriales y (9) tipo de estudio. Esta clasificación destaca tres cuellos de botella estructurales: (i) concentración metodológica de modelos estáticos de insumo–producto ambientalmente extendidos; (ii) concentración regional de estudios de caso en China, favorecida por la disponibilidad de datos, lo que restringe la transferibilidad global; y (iii) una visión institucional estrecha, en la que la gobernanza multinivel y la sociedad civil aparecen subrepresentadas. El análisis de redes revela que el encuadre conceptual guía la elección metodológica y la inclusión de actores, e indica una escasa diversificación metodológica—relación que se sintetiza en los seis pilares propuestos a continuación. Más allá de revisiones previas del nexo, esta combinación de codificación en nueve dimensiones, análisis de frecuencia cruzada y redes de co-ocurrencia ofrece una base empírica para los seis pilares al vincular cómo se define el nexo con cómo se mide y quiénes son representados en el análisis. Con el fin de apoyar decisiones de ingeniería sostenibles, proponemos una definición ampliada del nexo estructurada en seis pilares interrelacionados: contabilidad de flujos a alta resolución; modelación dinámica con retroalimentaciones (efecto rebote y riesgos de puntos de inflexión); acoplamiento explícito con carbono, uso del suelo y residuos; enfoques híbridos cuantitativos–cualitativos (métodos mixtos); gobernanza colaborativa e inclusiva de múltiples niveles; y arquitecturas de datos abiertos interoperables. En conjunto, estos pilares integran evidencia fragmentada de estudios de caso en un marco sistémico aplicable a la ingeniería y sensible a consideraciones de justicia, informando la planificación integrada de infraestructura agua–energía, la evaluación de trayectorias de transición energética bajo restricciones hídricas, y la priorización de mejoras de gobernanza y arquitectura de datos necesarias para un monitoreo interoperable del nexo entre sectores y escalas.
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