Mechanical characterization of mode I fracture toughnessin multidirectional printed continuous fiber laminates.: Investigation of fracture toughness in multidirectionallaminated composites
PDF (Spanish)
HTML (Spanish)
XML (Spanish)

Keywords

additive manufacturing
fracture toughness
multidirectional laminates
delamination

Categories

How to Cite

Santos, J. D., Córdova Narváez, L., & Quichimbo, J. (2025). Mechanical characterization of mode I fracture toughnessin multidirectional printed continuous fiber laminates.: Investigation of fracture toughness in multidirectionallaminated composites. ACI Avances En Ciencias E Ingenierías, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.3806

Abstract

The delamination failure mechanism between layers is one of the most critical in laminated fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, a phenomenon that has driven numerous research efforts. While a large body of literature focuses on this issue in unidirectional laminates, in-service conditions often lead to fracture initiation and propagation at interfaces with different fiber orientations. This study presents the experimental characterization of mode I fracture toughness in a continuous fiber composite manufactured through Additive Manufacturing (AM), defining configurations with multidirectional interfaces. The laminate design process for Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens is detailed, ensuring stable and planar crack propagation. The proposed design methodology is validated through mechanical testing, employing laminate configurations that meet appropriate evaluation criteria. Fracture morphology of representative samples from each configuration is analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealing similarities in surface features and specific failure mechanisms across the samples.

PDF (Spanish)
HTML (Spanish)
XML (Spanish)

References

Prashanth, S., Subbaya, K., Nithin, K., & Sachhidananda, S. (2017). Fiber reinforced composites - a review. Journal of Material Science & Engineering, 6(03). https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9d4a/93d3a6a3352f0e56738991609486856bd64e.pdf

Chung D. (2010). Composite materials: science and applications. Springer Science & Business Media.

Mallick, P. (2007). Fiber-reinforced composites: materials, manufacturing and design. CRC press.

Gribniak, V. (2020). Special issue “Advanced composites: from materials characterization to structural application.” Materials, 13(24). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245820

Luo, G., Liou, G., & Xiao, H. (2022). Using a fiber bragg grating sensor to measure residual strain in the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. Polymers , 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071446

Liu, Z., Wang, H., Yang, L., & Du, J. (2022). Research on mechanical properties and durability of flax/glass fiber bio-hybrid FRP composites laminates. Composite Structures , 290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115566

Link, T., Rosenberg, P., & Henning, F. (2022). Prediction of gaps in automated tape laying and their influence on porosity in consolidated laminates. Journal of Composites Science, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070207

Nazaripoor, H., Ashrafizadeh, H., Schultz, R., Runka, J., & Mertiny, P. (2022). Acoustic emission damage detection during three-point bend testing of short glass fiber reinforced composite panels: Integrity assessment. Journal of Composites Science, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6020048

Xiao, H., Han, W., Tang, W., & Duan, Y. (2020). An efficient and adaptable path planning algorithm for automated fiber placement based on meshing and multi guidelines. Materials, 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/MA13184209

Maldonado‐Hurtado, D., Madrigal, J., Penades, A., Ruiz, R., Crespo, A., & Sales, S. (2021). Pultruded FRP beams with embedded fibre bragg grating optical sensors for strain measurement and failure detection. Sensors, 21(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217019

Fidan, I., Imeri, A., Gupta, A., Hasanov, S., Nasirov, A., Elliott, A., Alifui-Segbaya, F., & Nanami, N. (2019). The trends and challenges of fiber reinforced additive manufacturing. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 102(5), 1801–1818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-03269-7

Penumakala, P. K., Santo, J., & Thomas, A. (2020). A critical review on the fused deposition modeling of thermoplastic polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108336

Bettini, P., Alitta, G., Sala, G., & Di Landro, L. (2017). Fused deposition technique for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance , 26(2), 843–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2459-8

Kabir, S. F., Mathur, K., & Seyam, A. F. M. (2020). A critical review on 3D printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites: History, mechanism, materials and properties. Composite Structures, 232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111476

Parandoush, P., & Lin, D. (2017). A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites. Composite Structures , 182, 36–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.088

Markforged. (2019). 3D Printing Materials. https://markforged.com/composites/

9T Labs. (6 de marzo de 2024). Carbon composite material. https://www.9tlabs.com/technology/material

Anisoprint Sarl. (2018). http://anisoprint.ru/

Bendine, K., Gibhardt, D., Fiedler, B., & Backs, A. (2022). Experimental characterization and mechanical behavior of 3D printed CFRP. European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104587

Li, L., Liu, W., & Sun, L. (2022). Mechanical characterization of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Composites Science and Technology , 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109618

Kikuchi, B. C., Bussamra, F. L. de S., Donadon, M. V., Ferreira, R. T. L., & Sales, R. de C. M. (2020). Moisture effect on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon-based thermoplastic. Polymer Composites , 41(12), 5227–5245. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25789

Todoroki, A., Oasada, T., Mizutani, Y., Suzuki, Y., Ueda, M., Matsuzaki, R., & Hirano, Y. (2020). Tensile property evaluations of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Advanced Composite Materials, 29(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243046.2019.1650323

Yogeshvaran, R. N., Liu, B. G., Farukh, F., & Kandan, K. (2020). Out-of-plane compressive response of additively manufactured cross-ply composites. Journal of Mechanics, 36(2), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2019.59

Parmiggiani, A., Prato, M., & Pizzorni, M. (2021). Effect of the fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural behavior of continuous carbon fiber composites made via fused filament fabrication. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 114(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06997-5

Saeed, K., McIlhagger, A., Harkin-Jones, E., McGarrigle, C., Dixon, D., Ali Shar, M., McMillan, A., & Archer, E. (2022). Characterization of continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3D printed polymer composites with varying fibre volume fractions. Composite Structures , 282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.115033

He, Q., Wang, H., Fu, K., & Ye, L. (2020). 3D printed continuous CF/PA6 composites: Effect of microscopic voids on mechanical performance. Composites science and technology , 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108077

Iragi, M., Pascual-González, C., Esnaola, A., Lopes, C. S., & Aretxabaleta, L. (2019). Ply and interlaminar behaviours of 3D printed continuous carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic laminates; effects of processing conditions and microstructure. Additive Manufacturing , 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100884

Conroy, M., Kinloch, A. J., Williams, J. G., & Ivankovic, A. (2015). Mixed mode partitioning of beam-like geometries: A damage dependent solution. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 149(1), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.06.061

Polyzos, E., Katalagarianakis, A., Van Hemelrijck, D., & Pyl, L. (2021). Delamination analysis of 3D-printed nylon reinforced with continuous carbon fibers. Additive Manufacturing , 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102144

Fonseca, J., Ferreira, I. A., Moura, M. F. S. F. De, Machado, M., & Alves, J. L. (2019). Study of the interlaminar fracture under mode I loading on FFF printed parts. Composite Structures , 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.005

Goh, G., Yap, Y. L., Agarwala, S., & Yeong, W. Y. (2019). Recent progress in additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced polymer composite. Advanced Materials Technologies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800271

International Organization for Standardization. (2001). ISO 15024: Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIC, for unidirectionally reinforced materials.

Santos, J. D., Fernández, A., Ripoll, L., & Blanco, N. (2022). Experimental Characterization and Analysis of the In-Plane Elastic Properties and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of a 3D-Printed Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite. Polymers , 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030506

Sebaey, T. A., Blanco, N., Lopes, C. S., & Costa, J. (2011). Numerical investigation to prevent crack jumping in Double Cantilever Beam tests of multidirectional composite laminates. Composites Science and Technology , 71(13), 1587–1592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.07.002

Soto, A., González, E. V, Maimí, P., Turon, A., Aja, J. R. S. De, & Escalera, F. M. De. (2016). Cohesive zone length of orthotropic materials undergoing delamination. Engineering Fracture Mechanics , 159, 174–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.03.033

Pinho, S. T., Dávila, C. G., Camanho, P. P., Iannucci, L., & Robinson, P. (2005). Failure models and criteria for FRP under in-plane or three-dimensional stress states including shear non-linearity (NASA/TM-2005-213530). NASA.

Sarrado, C. (2015). Experimental characterization and numerical simulation of composite adhesive joints using the cohesive zone model approach [ Tesis de doctorado, Universitat de Girona]. Repositorio institucional. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384001

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Jonnathandario Santos, Luis Córdova Narváez, José Quichimbo