Competition law and digital economy in Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18272/ulr.v10i1.2892Keywords:
Competition Law, Economy, Digital Markets, Relevant Markets, Dominance, Abuse of Market PowerAbstract
In 2021, the peer review on Competition Law and Policy in Ecuador carried out by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) together with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) was published. One of the conclusions reached by the report is that digital markets present competition authorities with a new set of challenges. This article provides an approach to such challenges. To do this, it revisits the concepts of market definition and abuse of a dominant position in light of current competition law. Likewise, it offers recommendations on the particularities that the Ecuadorian competition agency should consider when defining digital markets. Finally, it studies the main types of abuse that can take place in this kind of economies.
Downloads
References
Batura, Olga, Nicolai van Gorp, y Pierre Larouche. “Online Platforms and the EU Digital Single Market.” E-Conomics. (2015): 10. https://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/image/document/2016-7/nikolai_van_gorp_-_response_e-conomics_to_the_uk_house_of_lords_call_for_evidence_14020.pdf.
Bishop, Simon, y Mike Walker. The Economics of EC Competition Law. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2007.
Cantell, Claudia. “Abuse of Dominance in the Digital Era.” Stockholms Universitet. (2021): 9-10. https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1635272&dswid=-1421.
Ciriani, Stéphane, y Marc Lebourges. “The Market Dominance of US Digital Platforms: Antitrust Implications for the European Union.” SSRN Electronic Journal. (Abril 2018): 2. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2977933.
Condorelli, Daniele, y Jorge Padilla. “Harnessing Platform Envelopment in the Digital World.” Journal of Competition Law & Economics 16, no.2. (Junio 2020): 23. https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhaa006.
Friedman, David. “Free Offers: A New Look.” New Mexico Law Review 38. (Agosto 2008): 52. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1010238.
Goldfein, Shepard, y James Keyte. “Big Data, Web `Scraping` and Competition Law: The Debate Continues.” New York Law Journal 258, no.49. (Septiembre 2017): 1. https://www.skadden.com/-/media/files/publications/2017/09/bigdatawebscrapingandcompetitionlawthedebatecontin.pdf.
Hoffman, Bruce, y Garrett Shinn. “Self-Preferencing and Antitrust: Harmful Solutions for an Improbable Problem.” CPI Antitrust Chronicle. (Junio 2021): 3. https://www.clearygottlieb.com/-/media/files/cpi--hoffman--final-pdf.pdf.
Jones, Alison, Brenda Sufrin, y Niamh Dunne. EU Competition Law. Text, cases, and materials. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
Jones, Alison, y Brenda Sufrin. EU Competition Law. Text, cases, and materials. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Kostecka, Daria. “Abuse of Dominant Position on Digital Market: Is the European Commission Going back to the Old Paradigm?.” European Research Studies Journal 24, no. 1. (Febrero 2021): 121. 10.35808/ersj/2033.
Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Control del Poder de Mercado. Registro Oficial Suplemento 555, de 13 de octubre de 2011.
Mandrescu, Daniel. “The SSNIP Test and Zero-Pricing Strategies: Considerations for Online Platforms.” European Competition and Regulatory Law Review 2, no.4. (Diciembre 2018): 10. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3337765.
Newman, John. “Antitrust in Zero-Price Markets: Foundations.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 164. (Julio 2014): 167. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9504&context=penn_law_review.
OECD. “Abuse of dominance in digital markets.” OECD. (2019): 14. https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/abuse-of-dominance-in-digital-markets-2020.pdf.
OECD. “Practical approaches to assessing digital platform markets for competition law enforcement.” OECD. (2019): 21. https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/LACF(2019)4/en/pdf.
OECD. “Rethinking Antitrust Tools for Multi-Sided Platforms.” OECD. (2018): 12. https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/Rethinking-antitrust-tools-for-multi-sided-platforms-2018.pdf.
OECD. Exámenes inter-pares de la OCDE y el BID sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: Ecuador. Ecuador: OECD, 2021.
Parker, Geoffrey, Georgios Petropoulos, y Marshall Van Alstyne. “Digital Platforms and Antitrustm.” Bruegel Working Papers, no.6. (Noviembre 2020): 2. https://www.bruegel.org/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/WP-2020-06-1.pdf.
Patterson, Mark. “Google and Search-Engine Market Power.” Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Occasional Paper Series. (Julio 2013). https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/assets/misc/Patterson.pdf.
Posner, Richard, y William Landes. “Market power in antitrust cases.” Harvard Law Review 94, no.5. (Marzo 1981): 953. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2551&context=journal_articles.
Rochet, Jean-Charles, y Jean Tirole. “Platform Competition in Two-Sided Market.” European Economic Association 1, no.4. (Junio 2003): 992. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322493212.
Rysman, Marc. “The economics of two sided markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 23, no.3. (Julio 2009): 130. 10.1257/jep.23.3.125.
Schepp, Nils-Peter, y Achim Wambach. “On Big Data and Its Relevance for Market Power Assessment.” Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 7, no.2. (Febrero 2016): 120-121. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpv091.
Shelanski, Howard. “Information, Innovation, and Competition Policy for the Internet.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 161, no.6. (Enero 2013): 1699. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol161/iss6/6/.
Sousa, Miguel. “Ceci n’est pas un marché: Gratuity and competition law.” Concurrences, no.1. (Septiembre 2014): 11. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2493236.
The World Bank. “Approach to market definition in a digital platform environment.” The World Bank. (Agosto 2020): https://digitalregulation.org/approach-to-market-definition-in-a-digital-platform-environment/.
U.S. c. Microsoft Corp. Corte de Apelaciones de los Estados Unidos para el Circuito del Distrito de Columbia. 28 de junio de 2001.
Villareal, Freddy. “El comercio electrónico y su perspectiva en el mercado ecuatoriano.” ComHumanitas 13, no. 1. (Junio 2022): 21. https://doi.org/10.31207/rch.v13i1.333.
Whish, Richard, y David Bailey. Competition Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Wyatt, Edward. Edith Ramirez Is Raising the F.T.C´.s Voice. New York: New York Times, 2014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Kevin Damian Ortiz Arias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In relation to copy rights, authors publishing with USFQ Law Review know and accept its internal policies, including but not limited to:
1. Open Access Policy.
2. Authorship Policy.
3. Copyright Policy.
4. Pre-Publication Policy.
5. Post-Publication Policy.
6. Intellectual Property Protection Policy.
7. Digital Preservation Policy.
