Consequences of the US Attack on a Syrian Military Base for Determining the Nature of the Syrian Armed Conflict

Authors

  • Roberto Eguiguren Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ (Quito, Ecuador)
  • Karla Lasso Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ (Quito, Ecuador)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18272/lr.v5i1.1225

Keywords:

chemical weapons, syrian conflict, use of force, non-international conflicts, internationalized conflict, international armed conflicts

Abstract

Increasingly, modern conflicts present a different level of complexity than traditional ones. This complexity is evidenced mainly through two characteristics: the disproportionate humanitarian consequences and the constant internationalization of internal conflicts through the involvement of States and external armed groups. In this sense, the conflict in Syria has not been the exception, since what was originally born as a non-international armed conflict between the State and armed groups, has evolved through the involvement of a multiplicity of external actors in support of the Syrian regime and the rebel groups. The recent events in the conflict follows this pattern as it has been confirmed that chemical weapons have been used against the civilian population and the involvement of the United States through a military operation against Syrian military infrastructure. The implications of such events for international humanitarian law ought to be analyzed, particularly, regarding its consequences for determining the nature of the conflicts that develop in Syria and based on this, the rules that would be applicable to them.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Roberto Eguiguren, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ (Quito, Ecuador)

Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Alumni Colegio de Jurisprudencia, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito 170901, Ecuador.

Karla Lasso, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ (Quito, Ecuador)

Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, estudiante Colegio de Jurisprudencia, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito 170901, Ecuador.

References

Ahmad Haque, Adil. "Whose Armed Conflict? Which Law of Armed Conflict?" Just Security. (2016)

Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados. Syria Regional Refugee Response. http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php (acceso: 20/04/2017)

BBC. La declaración completa con la que Donald Trump dio a conocer el ataque de Estados Unidos contra una base siria. (7 de abril de 2017).

Bugnion, François. "Derecho de Ginebra y el derecho de La Haya." Revista Internacional de la Cruz Roja, 2001.

Calderón, Felipe. "La Conferencia de París sobre armas químicas y el Protocolo 1925." Política exterior, Año 4, No.5 (1989)

Carron, Djemila. "Transnational Armed Conflicts an Argument for a Single Classification of Non-international Armed Conflicts" Journal of international humanitarian legal studies 7 (2016) 5-31.

Carta de la Organización de Naciones Unidas, 1945.

Christopher Ford. "Syria: A Case Study in International Law." University of Cincinnati Law Review, Forthcoming (2017).

CICR. Syria: ICRC and Syrian Arab Red Crescent maintain aid effort amid increased fighting. https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/update/2012/syriaupda te-2012-0717.html (acceso: 20/04/2017)

Convenios de Ginebra del 12 de agosto de 1949.

Corte Internacional de Justicia. Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua. (27 de junio de 1986).

Dapo Akande. Classification of Armed Conflicts: Relevant Legal Concepts; Wilmshurst (ed), International Law and the Classification of Conflicts (2012)

Egan, Brian. Asesor Legal del Departamento de Estado de EEUU, Discurso presentado ante la American Society of International Law. (2016) https://www.justsecurity.org.

Gill, Terry. "Classifying the Conflict in Syria". International Law Studies, 92(1), 11. (2016).

Gómez-Urrutia, Marina Vargas & Salinas de Frías, Ana (coord.). Soberanía del Estado y Derecho Internacional. Sevilla, España: Universidad de Sevilla (2005).

Goodman, Ryan. "Is the United States Already in an "International Armed Conflict" with Syria?" Just Security. (2016)

Goodman, Ryan. "Taking the Weight off International Law: Has Syria Consented to US Airstrikes?" Just Security. (2014)

Greenwood, Christopher. "International humanitarian law and the Tadić case." European Journal of International Law. 7 (1996): 265.

Gutiérrez, Cesáreo. "El Conflicto en Siria (2011-2014) a la luz del Derecho Internacional y de la Geopolítica". Revista UNISCI, Nº 37, (2015) 99-131.

Henckaerts, Jean Marie & Doswald-Beck, Louise. El derecho internacional humanitario consuetudinario, 2007.

ICJ, Case concerning Nuclear Weapons in and against Japan (Japan v. United States), Consultative Opinion, 1996.

ICRC, Commentary on the First Geneva Convention: Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 2nd edition, 2016.

ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadić, Appeals Chamber's (Judgment), Case No. IT-94-A, 15 July 1999.

International Criminal Court. Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo. ICC-01/04-01/06. (2012).

James Stewart. "Towards a single definition of armed conflict in international humanitarian law: A critique of internationalized armed conflict." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross 85.850: 313-350 (2003).

Lubell, M. Extraterritorial Use of Force against Non-State Actors, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 92-134.

Melzer, Nicolas. "New IHL handbook." International Review of the Red Cross, 98 (1), 353 (2016).

Nebehay, Stephanie. "Situation in Syria constitutes international armed conflict-Red Cross." Reuters, 7 de abril de 2017.

Nouwen, Sarah & Becker, Michael, "Tadić v. Prosecutor: International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 1995 (March 31, 2017)". Chapter in: Landmark Cases in Public International Law (Hart, 2017), En proceso de publicación; University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 17/2017.

Odermatt, Jed. "Between Law and Reality: New Wars and Internationalized Armed Conflict." Amsterdam LF 5 (2013): 19.

Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights. Attacks on Medical Units in International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law, 2016.

Pagliari, Arturo. "Derecho Internacional Público: funciones, fuentes, cumplimiento y la voluntad de los Estados". Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional IV (2004).

Protocolo II Adicional a los Convenios de Ginebra de 1949 relativo a la protección de las víctimas de los conflictos armados sin carácter internacional (1977).

Reyes, Michelle. "La situación en Siria de cara al derecho internacional. Una historia de desafíos políticos, jurídicos, y humanos." Revista de la Facultad de Derecho PUCP, No. (73), (2014) 205-237.

Rodenhäuser, Tilman. "International legal obligations of armed opposition groups in Syria" International Review of Law No. 2, (2015).

Rodríguez-Llanes, José, et al. "Epidemiological findings of major chemical attacks in the Syrian war are consistent with civilian targeting: a short report." Conflict and Health 12.1 (2018): 16.

Schwebel, S. Estados Unidos V. Nicaragua. Opinión Disidente en Sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia (27 de junio de 1986).

UN Security Council, Seventh report of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons-United Nations Joint Investigative Mechanism (S/2017/904).

US Department of Defense. Statement from Pentagon Spokesman Capt. Jeff Davis on U.S. strike in Syria, Press Operations. https://www.defense.gov/News/statement-from-pentagon-spokesman-capt-jeff-davis-on-us-strike-in-syria/ (acceso: 15/04/2017).

US Department of State, Trump Orders Missile Attack in Retaliation for Syrian Chemical Strikes, Press Release. https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1144601/ trump-orders-missile-attack-in-retaliation-for-syrian-chemical-strikes/ (acceso: 15/04/2017).

Watkin, Kenneth. "The ICRC Updated Commentaries: Reconciling Form and Substance" Just Security. (2016).

Published

2018-08-28

How to Cite

Eguiguren, Roberto, and Karla Lasso. “Consequences of the US Attack on a Syrian Military Base for Determining the Nature of the Syrian Armed Conflict”. USFQ Law Review, vol. 5, no. 1, Aug. 2018, pp. 216-32, doi:10.18272/lr.v5i1.1225.

Issue

Section

Papers