Análisis Epidemiológico de los Tratamientos Quirúrgicos en el área de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial en el Hospital Metropolitano. Periodo 2015-2018. Estudio Retrospectivo.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral and Maxillofacial surgery  is a surgical medical specialty. It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of facial trauma, facial abnormalities, lip cleft palate, infections of odontogenic origin, pathological, oncological or neoplastic processes  that involving the oral cavity, face and craniofacial territory. Also it  includes cervical organs and structures directly or indirectly related to them. That must be treated surgically.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the etiology of surgical treatments that were performed in the Metropolitan Hospital and its prevalence during the period 2015-2018.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective and transversal study was carried out because it collects data in a determined period of time. The sample of the research was 245 patients who were treated and surgically treated by the specialist of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the "Hospital Metropoliano" during the period 2015-2018. The information was classified based on the diagnosis, age, sex and type of surgical procedure.

Results: The prevalence of pathology of non-traumatic origin corresponds to 79.18% and that of traumatic etiology 20.82%. The dentofacial anomalies are the most prevalent in non-traumatic pathology, followed by infections of odontogenic origin, palatal cleft lip and oral pathology.

Conclusion: The highest prevalence of surgeries performed during the period 2015-2018 by the specialist oral and maxillofacial surgeon at the "Hospital Metropoliano", corresponds to surgeries of non-traumatic etiology and within this group the most frequent is surgery orthognathic for correction of dentofacial anomalies

Key words: epidemiology, surgical treatments, maxillofacial surgery, retrospective study.