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Algorithmic Surveillance and Fundamental Rights in Latin American Public Security

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18272/iu.i.4116
Submitted
December 11, 2025
Published
July 8, 2026

Abstract

This article analyzes the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into public security policies in Latin America, with a focus on Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru, and their implications for fundamental rights. The research problem examines the extent to which these technologies, implemented under efficiency-driven approaches, lack adequate mechanisms of legal control and institutional oversight.

Using a comparative and doctrinal legal methodology, the study evaluates three types of technologies —intelligent video surveillance, predictive policing, and facial recognition—based on analytical dimensions such as privacy, algorithmic transparency, bias, and accountability. The findings reveal common patterns of opacity in the adoption of these systems, a lack of independent audits, and weak integration between technological innovation and constitutional guarantees. These conditions generate structural risks affecting fundamental rights, particularly privacy, due process, and non-discrimination.

The article proposes the strengthening of regulatory frameworks through the incorporation of human rights impact assessments, algorithmic transparency standards, and effective judicial oversight mechanisms to ensure the lawful use of AI in public security.

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